Combing cylinder of combing machine



Jan. 7, 1969 AKIRA MORIWAKI COMBING CYLINDER OF COMBING MACHINE l of 5Sheet F 1 G.2A F1025 n- 7, 1969 AKIRA MORIWAKI 3,419,941

' COMBING CYLINDER 0F COMBING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1966 v Sheet 4? of5 9 AKIRA MORlWAKl 3,419,941

I COMBING' CYLINDER OF COMBING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1966 Sheet 3 of 5F -IG.12 1 16.13

Iiiiiiiiiiii i F1 G.'16A F 16.168

AKIRA MORlWAKl COMBING CYLINDER 0F COMBING MACHINE Jan. 7, 1969 FiledJune 21, 1966 Sheet F I G.1'4D

J 7, 9 AKIRA MORIWAKI 3,

COMBING CYLINDER QF COMBING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1966 Sheet 5 of 5United States Patent 3,419,941 COMBING CYLINDER 0F COMBING MACHINE AkiraMoriwaki, 3816, Kamishibutani-cho, Ikeda-shi, Osaka-tn, Japan Filed June21, 1966, Ser. No. 559,186 Claims priority, application Japan, June 25,1965, 40/38,010, 40/38,011 US. Cl. 19234 8 Claims Int. Cl. D01g 19/10ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A combing cylinder for a combing machine inwhich a bare cylinder has a plain arcuate segment thereon and an=arcuate combing segment detachably secured covering a part of aremainder of said base cylinder or core. The combing segment has aplurality of wires having saw-teeth disposed rigidly on a base member ofthe combing segment. These teeth have a point extending in the directionof rotation of the combing cylinder. The teeth are perpendicular totangents to the cylinder or inclined to these tangents in the directionof the axis of the cylinder no more than 45. The teeth are formed onwires that are mounted on the base member of the combing segment. Thedensity of the teeth is such that it decreases in a direction toward thetrailing end of the combing segment or laterally in a direction of theaxis of the combing cylinder.

The present invention relates to a combing cylinder attached to acombing machine and also to a method for manufacturing theabove-mentioned combing cylinder.

In the conventional process of cotton or worsted spinning, the followingthree types of combing machines: Nasmith type comber, Heilman typecomber and Noble comber have been used. Particularly, the former twotypes of comber have been used Widely in cotton and worsted spinningprocesses, respectively. However, the same combing principle has beenused as the combing action of the above-mentioned combers up to thepresent, for example, in the combing action, a web of fibers is grippedbetween a pair of gripping members such as a nipper knife and nipperplate of a Nasmith type comber and is combed by the needle segmentattached to a combing cylinder in such a manner that the web is combedroughly in the first step of combing and is combed finer in stages. Tooperate the above-mentioned comber for combing the web, the needles ofthe first segment are imbedded with low density on the first baseelement having thicker cross sectional diameter, the needles of thesecond segment are imbedded more densely on the second base element andhave finer cross sectional diameter than that of the first one, theneedles of the third segment are imbedded even more densely on the thirdbase element and have finer cross sectional diameter than that of thesecond one, and so on. Each needle has a straight shape and each needlesegment is disposed on the combing cylinder in such a manner that eachpoint of the needles inclines toward the rotational direction of thecombing cylinder so that each point of the needles can stab the webeasily. To obtain fine combing action, it has been necessary to useneedles of small diameter although the possibility of the point of theneedles breaking easily is great. Therefore, in the conventional combingoperation, it has been desireable to carry out the combing action at lowspeed in order to prevent breakage of the needle and have good,continuous combing action. Depending on the inclination of the needlestoward the direction of rotation of the combing cylinder, some fibersand impurities have a tendency to be carried to the bottom portion ofthe 3 ,419 ,941 Patented Jan. 7, 1 969 spaces between the needles,therefore, it has been necessary to remove the fibers disposed on theneedle segments by suitable mechanical means, such a pneumatic means,for keeping the needle segment in a clean condition. As it is wellknown, the quantity of fibers disposed on the needle segment,hereinafter called waste, should be controlled from the point of view ofyarn quality and production cost of combed yarn. Therefore, the settingof the needle segment on the combing cylinder should be made carefully.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a combingcylinder having a simple construction and a method for manufacturing theabove-mentioned combing cylinder, more particularly to provide a combingcylinder having a combing segment comprising a base plate and pluralityof saw teeth or curved needles rigidly secured to the base plate, and amethod for manufacturing the above-mentioned combing cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel combing action byuse of the above-mentioned combing cylinder.

A further object of the invention is to provide good quality combedsliver or top with combing action at a higher speed and a smallerquantity of waste than that of the conventional combing.

Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent fromthe ensuing description with reference to the accompanying drawings towhich the scope of the invention is in no way limited.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a combing cylinderaccording to the present invention,

FIG. 2A is a side view of an embodiment of metallic wire for use in thecombing cylinder in FIG. 1,

FIG. 2B is a sectional view, taken along line 2B2B of the metallic wirein FIG. 2A,

FIG. 3 is an explanatory drawing for showing the combing action by themetallic wire according to the present invention,

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the combing cylinderaccording to the invention,

FIG. 5 is a needle imbedded in a fabric base for use as member forcombing cylinder shown in FIG. 4,

FIG. 6A is a side view of the metallic wire for use as combing segmentof the combing cylinder according to the invention, and FIG. 6B is across sectional view of the metallic wire, taken along line 6B6B in FIG.6A,

FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are side views of other embodiments of metallicWire according to the invention,

FIG. 11 is a side view of an element of combing segment of combingcylinder according to the invention,

FIGS. 12 and 13 are side views, partly in section, of other embodimentsof needles according to the invention,

FIGS. 14A, 14B taken on section line 14B of FIG. 14A, 14C, 14D, 14E and14F are explanatory drawings of an embodiment for manufacturing combingcylinder according to the present invention,

FIGS. 15A, 15B taken on section line of 15B of 15A, 15C, 15D, 15B and15F are explanatory drawings of another embodiment for manufacturingcombing cylinder according to the present invention,

FIGS. 16A, 16B, and 16C taken on section line 16C of FIG. 16B are alsoexplanatory drawings of another embodiment for manufacturing combingcylinder according to the invention.

The combing cylinder of the present invention has superior features whenused in Nasmith type comber, or a Teilman type comber as describedbelow. In the drawing, FIG. 1, a combing cylinder comprises a basecylinder 1, and a plain segment 2 and a combing segment 3 secured to thebase cylinder 1, respectively. The combing segment comprises a pluralityof saw-toothed members and a base member made of thermosetting syntheticmaterial 4 for fixing the saw-toothed member 5 to the base cylinder 1.The base member 4 forms a portion of an imaginary cylinder havinguniform thickness and fitted to the base cylinder 1, the saw-toothedmembers 5 are fixedly disposed on the cylindrical surface of the basemembet 4 by means of the base thermosetting resin member 4 in such a waythat the longitudinal direction of each saw-toothed member isperpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder 1, or inclinedtoward the axial direction of the cylinder 1, and the intervals of thesaw-toothed members are constant. As shown in the drawing of FIGS. 2Aand 3, the saw-teeth member comprises a base portion 6 and a pluralityof saw-tooth positioned on the base portion 6. Each saw tooth has apoint portion 7 which inclines toward the rotational direction of thecombing cylinder, a vertical stern portion 8 and a root portion 9, asshown in the drawing.

Therefore, when the combing cylinder rotates and the points of saw-toothstab a tuft gripped between the nipper plate and the nipper knife of thecombing machine, fibers come to the vertical stem portion 8- of eachsaw-tooth and are combed thoroughly by the respective stern portion 8.The reason why the fibers are carried to the respective stem portion 8is easily understood as follows; as shown in FIG. 3, fibers are pushedin the direction of the forces F1 and F2 and F3, by the rotation of thecombing cylinder 1, two imaginary divided forces f1, f2 whose directionare vertical to and parallel to the face edge of the top portion 7,respectively, can be considered as the force F1, and two divided forcesf1, f2 which are vertical to and parallel to the face edge of the bottomportion 9 of each saw-tooth, can be considered as the Force F3. Thefibers which are pushed to the face edge of each saw-tooth are broughtto the stem portion 8 by the divided force f2, and the divided force f2prevent the fibers from going to the base portion 9 of the saw-tooth.Therefore, the fibers of the web are combed by the top portion and thestern portion of the saw-tooth, and there is little possibility offibers to remain in the combing segment after its combing action, and ifsome fibers are disposed in the combing segment by separation from theweb, these can be removed easily by conventional means for cleaning thecombing cylinder.

As the metallic wire of the saw-teeth are disposed on the surface ofcombing the cylinder with the same lateral intervals and with someinclination up to 45 toward the rotational axis of the combing cylinder,the webs gripped between the nipper plate and the nipper knife can becombed very finely by the above-mentioned inclination of the metallicwire toward the rotational direction of the combing cylinder and thedensity of the saw-teeth, the combing action is provided, in the samecondition during each rotation of the combing cylinder, to the webgripped between the nipper knife and the nipper plate.

The above-mentioned combing action is the main feature of the combingaction using the combing cylinder according to this invention.

As shown in the drawing of FIG. 4, curved needle wires 11, secured to abase element 10 which is rigidly secured to a portion of asemicylindrical element 3, can be used according to the invention. Eachneedle wire 11 has a top portion 12 curved toward the rotationaldirection of the combing cylinder and a stem portion 11 inclined in thereverse direction of the rotational direction of the combing cylinder. Alarge number of the above-mentioned needle wires is disposed on the baseelement 10 in such way that the distribtuion of the points of needlewires is almost the same as that of the above-mentioned metallic wire.Therefore, when the above-mentioned combing cylinder having needle wiresis used, almost the same effect or combing action as that of theabove-mentioned metallic wire can be obtained.

In the drawing other kinds of metallic wire for the combine cylinder ofthe present invention are shown. In

the drawing of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the metallic wire comprises a baseportion and a saw-toothed portion disposed on the base portion, eachsaw-tooth having a top portion 15 inclined toward a certain direction,an intermediate portion 13 also inclined toward the same direction asthat 'of the top portion 15, a bottom portion 14 having an edge inclinedtoward the reverse direction to the inclination of the top 15 and theintermediate portion 13. A base portion 16 is provided with longitudinalgroove 17 and a plurality of recesses 18 opening downward spaced atequal intervals.

In the drawing of FIG. 7, a metallic wire having a curved base portion20 of some length is shown. In case of the metallic wire shown in FIGS.7 and 8, the shape of the saw-tooth is almost the same as that of thesawtooth shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, when a combing cylinder using themetallic wire shown in FIG. 7 is used, the combing action can beobtained in such a way that the web gripped between the nipper knife andnipper plate can be combed roughly by the first saw-tooth and thencombed finer in stages. The other effect of the combing action is almostthe same as that of the above-mentioned case, however, in case of acombing cylinder using the metallic wire shown in FIG. 9, the effect isalmost the same as that of the first embodiment of the combing cylinderaccording to the present invention.

In the drawing of FIG. 10, a metallic wire is provided with a pluralityof saw-teeth disposed with changing density of the saw-teeth along thelongitudinal direction. Saw teeth 21 are disposed on a base 23 in suchway that the density of saw-teeth decreases in one direction. Anotherembodiment of a wire 19 having a base 24 and teeth is illustrated inFIG. 11.

In the conventional combing cylinder, the setting of the needle segmentrequires highly skilled workmen for preparing and adjusting the settingof needle segments, however, according to the present invention, thesetting of the combing segment can be obtained easily and preciselybecause of the rigid construction of the combing segment. Therefore,maintenance can be carried out easily compared with that of theconventional combing cylinder.

According to the combing cylinder of the present invention, an excellentquality combed yarn can be produced with high efiiciency of the combingmachine and with a smaller quantity of noil because the combing actionis caried out precisely in a continuous combing condition and there isvery little possibility of having the fibers disposed on the combingsegment.

In the following description, some embodiments of a method formanufacturing the combing cylinder of the present invention areexplained.

In FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14D, 14E and 14F, a metallic wire 15 having the samebase construction as that of the metallic wire shown in FIG. 6A is woundaround a cylinder 29 in such way that the bases of the adjacent wirecontact each other as shown in the drawing of FIG. 14B and an axiallength of the cylinder 29 wound by the metallic wire 15 correspondsexactly to that of combing segment secured to a desired combingcylinder. Therefore, a cylindrical reticulate space comprising aplurality of recesses 18 and side grooves 17 is formed between themetallic wire 15 and the cylindrical surface of the cylinder 29. Somekind of thermosetting resin, such as epoxy or polyester resin in aliquid condition containing a hardner is poured into the above-mentionedspace. After the resin has set, the cylinder 29 is separated from thecylindrical metallic wire 15, which is rigidly formed by thethermosetting resin of reticulate form. The cylindrical metallic wire 15is supported coaxially by a core cylinder 31 by a suitable mechanicalmeans, then the same thermosetting resin in liquid form containing ahardner as mentioned above is poured into a space 30 which is formedcoaxially between the inner surface of the cylindrical metallic wire 15and the outer surface of the core cylinder 31 While both sides of thecore are sealed by a suitable me chanical means, and the thermosettingresin is subjected to hardening by conventional manner, for example,maintaining at room temperature for a suitable time. After thethermosetting resin has hardened completely, the core cylinder isremoved from the product of the above-mentioned process, and then theproduct is cut into a suitable size, for example, cut into a segment 3having a fan-shaped or arcuate cross section defined by line EE, E'E, asshown in the drawing of FIG. 14D and 14B. The outer diameter of the corecylinder 31 is the same diameter as that of a base cylinder 1 of thecombing cylinder. Therefore, the setting of the combing segment 3 on thebase cylinder 1 is easily performed by simple mechanical means, such asusing the usual fasteners, that is, bolts or screws, etc. In the drawingof combing cylinder in FIG. 14F, a plain cylindrical part 32 is alsosecured to the base cylinder 1.

Another embodiment for manufacturing a combing cylinder according to theinvention is described as follows.

In the drawings of FIGS. 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15B and 15F in which thecombing segment is defined by lines QQ and Q'Q', a metallic wire 19having the same basic construction as that of metallic wire shown inFIG. 9 is wound spirally around a cylinder 33 in such way that the basesof the adjacent wire contact each other as shown in the drawing of theabove-mentioned first embodiment in FIG. 14B. However, when it isnecessary to have a low density of saw-teeth in the lateral direction ofthe segment, an intervening fiat wire 35 is wound around the cylinder 33so as to intervene between adjacent spirals of the metallic wire asshown in the drawing of FIG. 15B. The axial length of the cylinder 33wound by the metallic wire 19 corresponds exactly to that of combingsegment secured to a desired combing cylinder. The cylindrical metallicwire 19 with cylinder 33 is supported coaxially by a circular shellcomprising two elements 36 and 37 which are pivoted by a pin 38 so thatelement 36 can be opened around the pin 38, and are clamped by bolt 39and nut 40 at the other side 41, as shown in FIG. 15C. Therefore, acylindrical space 34 is formed coaxially between the inner surface ofthe circular shell and the outer surface of the above-mentioned metallicwire 19. A substance which melts at a comparative low temperature, suchas wax, or some metallic alloy such as solder which melts at acomparative low temperature is poured in a melted condition into thespace 34 while both sides of the cylindrical space 34 are covered by asuitable mechanical means. After solidification of the substance, theshell is removed from the product, which forms a rigid cylindricalmetallic wire at normal temperature. And then the product is supportedcoaxially by a core cylinder 42 as shown in FIG. 15E, so as to form acoaxial space 43 between the inner surface of the cylindrical metallicwire 19 and the core cylinder 42. A thermosetting resin in a meltedcondition containing a hardener is poured into the space 43 while bothsides of the coaxial space 43 are covered by a suitable mechanical meansand the thermosetting resin is subjected to hardening by conventionalmeans, as described in the first embodiment of the invention. After thethermosetting resin has hardened completely the substance covering theouter surface of the metallic wire is removed by suitable thermal meanswhich melts the substance. Then the cylindrical metallic wire secured tothe cylindrical thermosetting resin 45 is cut into a suitable size, forexample, cut into a segment 44 having a fan-shaped section. The outerdiameter of the core cylinder 42 is the same diameter as that of a basecylinder of the combing cylinder, therefore, the setting of the combingsegment on the base cylinder can be performed in the same manner asexplained in the first embodiment of the invention.

When using combing needles as shown in FIGS. 5, 12 and 13, as a materialfor the combing segment, the combing needles imbedded in a fabric baseis wound around the cylinder 29 as a substitute of the metallic wire.The same successive processes in which metallic wire is used are appliedto the manufacture of a combing segment having combing needles.

In FIGS. 16A, 16B and 16C, a method for manufacturing a combing segmentfor a combing cylinder is shown. The combing segment in this casecomprises a plurality of fan-shaped metallic plates in which a pluralityof saw-teeth are disposed at the outer portion of it. A circularring-shaped metallic plate 46 is produced by a suitable mechanical meanssuch as press machine. The plate 46 is provided with a plurality ofsaw-teeth having a sharp point disposed on the outer edge portion and aplurality of recesses 47 having a wedge shape disposed on the inner edgeportion of it. The plate 46 is cut into a fan-shaped form defined byline P-P, P--P as shown in FIG. 16A so as to correspond to the size ofthe combing segment. The man-shaped plate 48 are disposed on the curvedbottom surface of a recess 49 of a support member 50 which is providedwith the recess 45 having the same shape as that of bottom surface ofthe combing segment of the desired combing cylinder. The curvature ofthe bottom surface of the recess 49 is the same as that of the outersurface of the base cylinder of the combing cylinder. The manner ofdisposing the fan-shaped plates 44 on the recess 49 is clearly shown inthe drawing of FIG. 16C, that is the plates 44 are disposed verticallyon the bottom surface of the recess in such a manner that the adjacentplates closely contact each other at their base portion. Therefore,lateral grooves having a wedgeshaped cross section are formed betweenthe plates and the bottom surface of the recess 49 of the support member50. The setting angle of the plates to the imaginary axis of the curvedbottom surface of the recess 49 can be chosen in accordance with bothside walls of the recess 49 in such a manner that the side walls (notshown) are set with a certain setting angle to the imaginary axis of thecurved bottom surface of the recess 49 which may be explained as an axisperpendicular to the paper surface of the drawing in FIG. 16B. Thesupport member 50 is provided with supporting cover 51 which is pivotedby a pin 52 at one side and provided with a clamp jaw 53 at the otherside, as shown in the drawing. The clamping of the jaw 53 to the supportmember 50 is performed by a bolt 54 and nut 55. After disposing aplurality of plates 48 in the recess 49 in a condition as explainedabove and closely contacting plates positioned at both sides of theplurality of plates with side walls of the recess 49 respectively, athermosetting resin in a liquid condition containing a hardner is pouredinto the groove 47 by suitable means as described in the firstembodiment of the invention, and after the thermosetting resin hashardened completely, the rigid product of the metallic plates bonded bythe thermosetting resin is taken from the support member 50 and securedon a base cylinder in the same manner as that of the first embodiment ofthe invention, but the fastening position of the combing segment to thebase cylinder should be chosen so that it is at the portionoi thehardened thermosetting resin.

In the above-mentioned embodiments for manufacturing combing cylinder, asuitable thermosetting resin is used for forming a base member of thecombing segment, however, the other materials for forming the basemember of the combing segment, such as some metallic alloy which meltsat a comparatively low temperature can be used as a substitute for theabove-mentioned thermosetting resin. In case of using solder for makingthe base member of the combing cylinder according to the method of theabove-mentioned first embodiment by FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D and 14F,the core cylinder 31 covered by some releasing agent should be used formaking easy separation of the core cylinder from a base cylindricalmember 30 made of solder. In case of using solder for making the basemember of the combing cylinder according to the second embodiment, it isnecessary to use a substance for filling the cylindrical space 34 havinga lower melting point than that of the substance for filling thecylindrical space 43. In case of using solder for making the base memberof the combing cylinder according to the third embodiment, the supportmember 50 covered the surface of the recess 49 by some releasing agentshould be used for making easy separation of the base of the segmentfrom the recess 49 of the supporting member 50.

As described above, in the three embodiments for manufacturing combingcylinder, the setting of the combing segment on the base cylinder can becarried out simply in a short time and precisely. Therefore, themaintenance of the combing cylinder which is an important part of themachine, can be carried out effectively at a lower cost than that of theconventional machine.

There is quite few chance of deposit waste on the combing segment,therefore, the cleaning of the combing segment for taking ofi the wasteis not necessary for the combing cylinder of the invention for long timeof operation, while the cleaning of the combing segment of the cylinderof the conventional combing machine is one of the key points ofmaintenance of the machine for obtaining good combing action.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown in thedrawings and described in detail above, it should be understood thatvarious modification may be had which would be equally Within the spiritand scope of the invention, and that the true measure of the inventionis as defined in hereinafter set forth claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A combing cylinder for a combing machine, comprising a base cylinder,a plain cylindrical part secured to a portion of the cylindrical surfaceof said base cylinder, a combing segment secured detachably to a part ofa remainder portion of the cylindrical surface of said base cylinder,said portions covered by said plain cylinder and combing segment havingconstant width along the axis of said base cylinder respectively, saidcombing segment comprising a base member having an arcuate crosssection, a plurality of metallic wires having saw-teeth disposed rigidlyon said base member with same lateral intervals such that longitudinalarrangement of said metallic wire are disposed spirally to therotational axis of said combing cylinder and each of said saw-teethbeing perpendicular to the axis of rotation of said combing cylinder andeach having a point facing toward the rotational direction of saidcombing cylinder.

2. A combing cylinder of combing machine according to claim 1, whereineach tooth is provided with a top portion inclined towards therotational direction of said combing cylinder, and a base portioninclined towards a direction opposite to the rotational direction ofsaid combing cylinder.

3. A combing cylinder of combing machine according to claim 2, in whichsaid teeth have a varying density disposed in such way that the densityof saw-teeth decrease in the rotational direction of said combingcylinder.

4. A combing cylinder of combing machine according to claim 1, in whichsaid combing segment has saw-teeth disposed substantially with uniformdensity per unit area of the surface of said combing segment.

5. A combing cylinder of combing machine according to claim 1, in whichsaid base member made of thermosetting resin covers a part of saidremainder portion of said cylinder surface of said base cylinder and thecovered remainder portion having a constant width along axis of saidbase cylinder.

7. A combing cylinder of combing machine according to claim 1, in whichsaid base member is made of metallic alloy and covers a part of saidremainder portion of said cylindrical surface of said base cylinder, andthe covered remainder portion having a constant Width along the axis ofsaid base cylinder.

6. A combing cylinder of combing machine according to claim 5, in whichsaid metallic wires are disposed with same lateral intervals and saidsaw-teeth are each disposed with an inclination relative to a respectivetangent to said cylinder a maximum of 45 degrees toward the rotationalaxis of said combing cylinder.

8. A combing cylinder of combing machine, comprising a base cylinder, aplain cylindrical part secured to a portion of the cylindrical surfaceof said base cylinder, a combing segment secured detachably to a par-tof a remainder portion of the cylindrical surface of said base cylinder,said portions covered by said plain cylinder and combing segment eachhaving a constant width along the axis of said base cylinderrespectively, said combing segment comprising a plurality of curvedmetallic plates, each of said metallic plates provided with a saw-teethportion and a base portion having a plurality of wedge shaped recessesopened toward an inward direction, each saw-tooth having a point facingtoward the rotational direction of said combing cylinder, andthermosetting resin filled spaces between said wedge shaped recess andsaid base cylinder.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,778,873 10/1930 Sundberg 19234XR 1,892,317 12/1932 Nasmith 19234 XR 1,943,707 1/1934 Walker 19-234FOREIGN PATENTS 144,425 6/ 1920 Great Britain.

MERVIN STEIN, Primary Examiner.

DORSEY NEWTON, Assistant Examiner.

